The enchanting beauty of Persian Heriz rugs is woven not just with threads and colors but with the soul of their master weavers. These artisans, often referred to as “memory weavers” (Zehni Bafan), create intricate Lachak-Toranj (corner-medallion) designs purely from memory—breathing life into patterns without any predefined templates. This unique artistry doubles the allure of Heriz rugs, cementing their prestigious reputation among the world’s finest village-woven carpets.

 

Mount Sabalan, located in Northwest Iran, stands majestically as a natural landmark overlooking the Heriz rug-weaving region.

 

Persian Heriz Rugs: A Name as Majestic as Mount Sabalan

Nestled in the East Azerbaijan province of Iran, the town of Heriz has become a renowned center for Persian rug weaving. Rug making here isn’t merely a craft; it is a centuries-old tradition passed down through generations. Each rug reflects cultural aesthetics, personal creativity, and ancestral motifs, making every piece a one-of-a-kind masterpiece.

 

Because Heriz rugs are woven from memory, various elements—such as geographical environment, a weaver’s age, gender, social conditions, customs, and beliefs—can influence the final design. This approach yields a tapestry of diverse, striking patterns that continue to captivate collectors worldwide.

 

Map highlighting East Azerbaijan province, home to Heriz rug artisans.

 

 

The Heritage of Persian Heriz Carpets

ersian Heriz carpets are celebrated for their heavy, durable construction. Despite their high quality and enduring charm, they remain relatively affordable, further enhancing their popularity. Rug weaving in this area dates back to at least the early 19th century, possibly earlier.

 

According to rug expert Cecil Edwards:

“Tabriz merchants knew Western markets wanted medallion-patterned rugs rather than the narrow, repetitive designs previously produced in villages. So, it became essential to introduce the Lachak-Toranj pattern to villages like Goravan, Bakhshayesh, or Heriz and observe how local weavers would adapt it.”

 

In previous eras, Heriz weavers even produced exceptionally fine silk rugs. Their pieces were so exquisite they were sometimes mistaken for Tabriz rugs—a testament to their masterful craftsmanship and captivating designs.

 

  

 

The Unique Handkerchief Patterns (Cheshni) in Persian Heriz Rugs

Heriz weavers typically employ three methods for pattern creation:

1. Naqshe: Utilizes detailed designs on graph paper, ensuring precise motifs.
2. Ornak: Involves a small woven sample (hung near the loom) from which the weaver references motifs.
3. Cheshni: Also called “handkerchief patterns,” these are small cloth templates (often under 12 x 12 inches) with ink-drawn designs. Though rendered as curvilinear sketches, they manifest as semi-geometric forms when woven.

 

This blend of fluid artistry with the angular nature of hand-woven rugs captures the essence of Persian Heriz carpets, striking a balance between structure and organic beauty.

 

A Heriz Design Soumak, Made in NW Persia, Rug the Rock Collection

 

Characteristics of Heriz Rugs

Persian Heriz rugs are known for their robust two-weft structure and high, coarse pile. Knot density, measured in Raj (knots per 7 cm), varies between wool and silk rugs:

• Wool Rugs: 20 to 30 Raj (approximately 50–120 knots per square inch).
• Silk Rugs: 50 to 60 Raj (approximately 330–475 knots per square inch).

 

Note: To convert Raj to knots per square inch, you divide the Raj by 7, then convert centimeters to inches (1 inch = 2.54 cm) and square the result. However, this calculation is approximate because vertical and horizontal knots per inch are not always the same.

 

Most contemporary Persian Heriz carpets measure around 6.5 x 10 feet (2 x 3 meters) or 8 x 11.5 feet (2.5 x 3.5 meters). They feature the symmetrical Turkish (Ghiordes) knot, contributing to their hallmark durability and longevity. Renowned weaving areas that produce similar styles include Mehraban, Sharabian, and the villages of Goravan, Bakhshayesh, and Qarajeh.

 

A Persian Gorevan Heriz from the Rug the Rock Collection, with a bold-medallion style. 

 

 

Designs and Motifs

The signature design for Heriz rugs is the Lachak-Toranj (corner-medallion) pattern, often in a geometric style called “Gosheh-Gobak.” Large medallions may dominate the rug’s field, extending nearly to its borders, while the corners (Lachak) complement the medallion for a balanced and harmonious look.

 

Common design names include:

• Ghach Khatun (Dash-Khatun): Medallion on a plain field.
• Haj Azimi: Notable for its lozenge-shaped medallion.
• Yeddi Gol (Seven Flowers): Showcases seven distinct floral motifs.
• Sabouri and Esmaeil Beg: Named after local figures or styles, featuring unique patterns.
• Pasha Pash (All-over): Continuous, medallion-free designs.
• Tajeri (Stepped Corner): Incorporates stepped shapes in the corners.
• Samad Khani: Features a circular central medallion with elaborate detail.

 

An Oversized Samad Khani Design Heriz from Rug the Rock Collection

 

Border Designs

• Samovar (Turtle) Border: Stylized motifs resembling a samovar or turtle, symbolizing hospitality and longevity.
• Balik Shamaama Border: Features fish-like leaves (Balik) combined with large round flowers (Shamaama), resulting in a lively, visually appealing border.

 

Balik Shamaama Border with fish-like leaves and large, round flowers.

 

Color Palette

Persian Heriz rugs are world-famous for their vibrant colors and use of natural dyes. Weavers prefer reddish-brown, pink (light to dark), blue (light to dark), ivory, and green tones. Typically, red dominates the central field, while navy blue frames the border. Black, yellow, and green often serve as striking accent colors.

 

A Fading Tradition

Although Persian Heriz rugs have captured hearts worldwide, their traditional production is dwindling. In Iran, fewer weavers are remaining in this profession, and authentic Heriz rugs are becoming increasingly rare. Replicas from other countries—like India or Pakistan—may mimic the designs, but shortcuts in production, lower-quality materials, and reduced artistic input impact their value and longevity.

Check out our collection of authentic Heriz rugs to find a piece that speaks to both your style and appreciation for genuine Persian craftsmanship.

Authentic Heriz designs mirror the cultural heritage and beliefs of local artisans, imbuing every rug with genuine emotion and artistic essence. This authenticity is precisely why genuine Persian Heriz carpets remain highly sought-after investments.

 

An Azeri woman weaving a Persian Heriz rug in East Azerbaijan, preserving an age-old craft.

 

Persian Heriz rugs are much more than decorative floor coverings. Each piece is a tapestry of imagination and skill, reflecting personal journeys, community traditions, and a deep-rooted cultural heritage. Their enchanting beauty, durability, and intricate designs have secured them a prestigious standing among the world’s most treasured village-woven carpets.

 

Whether gracing a grand hallway or adding warmth to a cozy living space, a Persian Heriz Carpet brings a legacy of artistry and a touch of Persian elegance that transcends time.

Interested in learning more about different Persian carpets? Be sure to explore our article for insights into various Persian rug types, or check out this article from BBC to deepen your appreciation of this remarkable art form.